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North Jiangsu Main Irrigation Canal
The North Jiangsu Main Irrigation Canal ((中国語:苏北灌溉总渠), ) (often called the "Subei Canal") is located in the lower reaches of the Huai River, one of the major rivers of northern Jiangsu Province in eastern China. It originates at (Gaoliangjian ) on Hongze Lake and runs through (Hongze ), (Qingpu ), Huai'an, (Funing ), (Sheyang ) and (Binghai ) county(or district) and joins the artificial estuary of (Biandan Harbour ).〔(洪泽湖 (Hongze Lake) ) Retrieved December 4, 2014.〕 The canal is 168 km in length and can irrigate 1,720,000 hectares of farmland. The construction program was organized and directed by the headquarters of the Jiangsu Huai River management program between October 1951 and May 1952.
There are three main canals related to the main irrigation canal. The first is the famous Grand Canal which goes through the western part of north Jiangsu and crosses the Subei canal. It is called “the west main canal”. The second is the (Chuanchang River ). The main irrigation canal and Chuangyang River form a “T” junction called “east main canal”. The third is the (Tongyang Canal ), which lies in the southern part of north Jiangsu. It connects the start and ending points. This is called the “south main canal”. The North Jiangsu Main Irrigation Canal and these three main canals form a quadrangle connecting those inland rivers, which as a whole is an irrigation system.〔(淮河水利网 ) Retrieved December 11, 2014.〕 The bottom of the channel has three widths: 140m, 110m, 50m, 60m and 110m.〔(总渠之窗 (Jiangsu Irrigation Canal Management Office website) ) Retrieved December 11, 2014.〕
==History==
The canal was first built between 1934 and 1937 to divert part of the Huai River, which from time to time catastrophically flooded its surrounding region. In 1938, the Japanese destroyed many dams, which caused the Yellow River to flow into the Huai. The region was very severely flooded and the canal was largely destroyed.
After the Chinese Civil War, the government wanted to rebuild the canal for flood management. During the planning of this project China had entered the Korean War, which meant that the government did not have the economic resources to fund this project. However, Premier Zhou Enlai, who came from the Huai River drainage basin, insisted on carrying out the whole project because he knew how people suffered from flood and waterlogging in his hometown. In 1950 the inundation was particularly serious. Chairman Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai instructed relevant departments to work out a plan to regulate water conservancy. In 1951, Zhou Enlai held a conference on the project. (Li Baohua ), undersecretary of Ministry of Water Resources, reported the researches of his group and proposed a project plan. Zhou Enlai approved and supported the plan. On November 2, 1951, the project was put into practice. More than 1,190,000 civilian workers participated this project.〔(周总理与苏北灌溉总渠 ) Retrieved January 8, 2015.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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